Condensing Momentum Modes in 2-d 0A String Theory with Flux

We use a combination of conformal perturbation theory techniques and matrix model results to study the effects of perturbing by momentum modes two dimensional type 0A strings with non-vanishing Ramond-Ramond (RR) flux. In the limit of large RR flux (equivalently, mu=0) we find an explicit analytic form of the genus zero partition function in terms of the RR flux $q$ and the momentum modes coupling constant alpha. The analyticity of the partition function enables us to go beyond the perturbative regime and, for alpha>> q, obtain the partition function in a background corresponding to the momentum modes condensation. For momenta such that 0<p<2 we find no obstruction to condensing the momentum modes in the phase diagram of the partition function.Comment: 22 page

Institutional Repositories: Evaluating the reasons for non-use of Cornell University's installation of DSpace

This article reports on a three-part evaluative study of institutional repositories. We describe the contents and participation in Cornell's DSpace and compare these results with seven university DSpace installations. Through in-depth interviews with eleven faculty members in the sciences, social sciences and humanities, we explore their attitudes, motivations, and behaviors for non-participation in institutional repositories

Using ground-based GPS to characterize atmospheric turbulence

A new method for measuring and studying atmospheric turbulence is presented. The method uses data from a local network of GPS receivers. The GPS data are processed in a way that assures that the estimated zenith total delays (ZTD) contain the effects of atmospheric turbulence present in the GPS observations. The turbulence is characterized using the spatial structure function for the atmospheric zenith total delay. The structure function is modeled by an expression with unknown parameters which contains information about the turbulence. The unknown parameters are solved by a fit to the observed ZTD variations. We apply the method to GPS data from the Yucca Mountain network, Nevada, USA. The results show that the magnitude of the turbulent variations in that region have a strong seasonal dependence, with much larger variations in summer compared to winter

The stringy nature of the 2d type-0A black hole

We investigate the thermodynamics of the RR charged two-dimensional type-0A black hole background at finite temperature, and compare with known 0A matrix model results. It has been claimed that there is a disagreement for the free energy between the spacetime and the dual matrix model. Here we find that this discrepancy is sensitive to how the cutoff is implemented on the spacetime side. In particular, the disagreement is resolved once we put the cutoff at a fixed distance away from the horizon, as opposed to a fixed position in space. Furthermore, the mass and the entropy of the black hole itself add up to an analytic contribution to the free energy, which is precisely reproduced by the 0A matrix model. We also use results from the 0A matrix model to predict the next to leading order contribution to the entropy of the black hole. Finally, we note that the black hole is characterized by a Hagedorn growth in its density of states below the Hagedorn temperature. This, together with other results, suggests there is a phase transition at this temperature.Comment: 1+21 pages; v2: Substantial changes in the body of the paper, main results the same. Clarified discussion on the thermodynamics, added section on a phase transition, references added. v3: Typos corrected. v4: Final version, to appear in JHE

Results of the MRI substudy of the intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke trial

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background and Purpose:&lt;/b&gt;Although magnesium is neuroprotective in animal stroke models, no clinical benefit was confirmed in the Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke (IMAGES) trial of acute stroke patients. The Magnetic Resonance in IMAGES (MR IMAGES) substudy investigated the effects of magnesium on the imaging surrogate outcome of infarct growth.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; IMAGES trial patients in participating centers were randomized to receive either intravenous magnesium or placebo within 12 hours of stroke onset. Infarct growth was defined as volume difference between baseline diffusion-weighted imaging and day 90 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image lesions. Patients who died were imputed the largest infarct growth observed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among the 90 patients included in the primary analysis, there was no difference in infarct growth (median absolute growth, P=0.639; median percentage growth, P=0.616; proportion with any growth, P=0.212) between the 46 treated with magnesium and 44 with placebo. Infarct growth correlated with NIHSS score change from baseline to day 90. There was a trend showing baseline serum glucose correlated with infarct growth with magnesium treatment, but not in the placebo group. The mismatch frequency was reduced from 73% to 47% by increasing the mismatch threshold from &#62;20% to &#62;100% of core volume.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Infarct growth, confirmed here as a surrogate for clinical progression, was similar between magnesium and placebo treatment, paralleling the main IMAGES trial clinical outcomes. Glucose was a covariate for infarct growth with magnesium treatment. A more stringent mismatch threshold to define penumbra more appropriately would have excluded half of the patients in this 12-hour time window stroke study.&lt;/p&gt

Geodesy by radio interferometry: Effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimates of baseline length

Analysis of very long baseline interferometry data indicates that systematic errors in prior estimates of baseline length, of order 5 cm for ~8000-km baselines, were due primarily to mismodeling of the electrical path length of the troposphere and mesosphere ("atmospheric delay"). Here we discuss observational evidence for the existence of such errors in the previously used models for the atmospheric delay and develop a new "mapping" function for the elevation angle dependence of this delay. The delay predicted by this new mapping function differs from ray trace results by less than ~5 mm, at all elevations down to 5° elevation, and introduces errors into the estimates of baseline length of •< 1 cm, for the multistation intercontinental experiment analyzed here

Finite temperature scaling theory for the collapse of Bose-Einstein condensate

We show how to apply the scaling theory in an inhomogeneous system like harmonically trapped Bose condensate at finite temperatures. We calculate the temperature dependence of the critical number of particles by a scaling theory within the Hartree-Fock approximation and find that there is a dramatic increase in the critical number of particles as the condensation point is approached.Comment: Published online [6 pages, 3 figures

On the stability of the primordial closed string gas

We recast the study of a closed string gas in a toroidal container in the physical situation in which the single string density of states is independent of the volume because energy density is very high. This includes the gas for the well known Brandenberger-Vafa cosmological scenario. We describe the gas in the grandcanonical and microcanonical ensembles. In the microcanonical description, we find a result that clearly confronts the Brandenberger-Vafa calculation to get the specific heat of the system. The important point is that we use the same approach to the problem but a different regularization. By the way, we show that, in the complex temperature formalism, at the Hagedorn singularity, the analytic structure obtained from the so-called F-representation of the free energy coincides with the one computed using the S-representation.Comment: 20 pages and 1 figure. The final version that appeared in JHE

Trace metal accumulation in soils on and around ancient settlements in Greece.

Classical and Mediterranean Archaeolog